Periodical & Non-Periodical Materials
Bluebook Guide
Periodical Materials
  • Authors
    • If there are two authors, use & to connect both author’s full names
    • If there are more than two authors, include the first author’s name and follow it with et al.
  • Citation of particular pages within a law review article with parenthetical information about what appears on those pages
    • <Name of author>, <Title of article>, <volume of law review> <name of law review publication, abbreviate according to T6, T10, and T13> <first page on which the article starts>, <pin cite> (<publication year>)
    • Thomas Ward Frampton, The Dangerous Few, Taking Seriously Prison Abolition and Its Skeptics, 135 Harv. L. Rev. 2013, 2015 (2022).
  • Citation of Internet and online newspapers
    • <Name of author>, <Title of article>, <name of publication, abbreviate according to T6, T10, and T13>, <date of publication>, <URL>
      • Sarah Ellison, When Foreign Markets Resisted, Uber Launched a Media Charm Offensive, The Wash. Post (July 11, 2022, 1:22 PM), https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/07/11/uber-germany-india-media-campaigns/.
      • Shawn Boburg & Jon Swaine, Gunmaker’s Super Bowl Stunt Sheds Light on Marketing of “American Rifle,” The Wash. Post (July 25, 2022, 11:34 AM), https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2022/07/25/daniel-defense-super-bowl-ad/.
Non-Periodical Materials
  • This category includes books, treatises, reports, white papers, dictionaries and all other nonperiodic materials
  • The citation should include these elements:
    • 1. Author
      • If there are two authors, use & to connect both author’s full names
      • If there are more than two authors, include the first author’s name and follow it with et al.
    • 2. Editor or translator, if any
    • 3. Title of the work
    • 4. Page, section, or paragraph cited
    • 5. Edition
    • 6. Date
  • Example:
    • Tracy E. George & Suzanna Sherry, What Every Law Student Really Needs to Know: An Introduction to the Study of Law 100 (3rd ed. 2019). 
Id. for Periodical, Non-Periodical
  • You can use Id. if you are referring to the immediately preceding authority.
  • If the pin cite is the same, only Id. is necessary
  • If the pin cite is different, use “Id. at” to indicate the difference
Supra for Periodical, Non-Periodical
  • If you have already cited to an authority and wishes to cite to it again, but it is not the immediately preceding authority, you can use supra
  • Supra should not be used to refer to cases, statutes, constitutions legislative materials, restatement, model codes, or regulations.
  • The supra short form should start with the last name of the author or authors, or, if none, the title of the work, followed by a comma and the word “supra.”
  • You should indicate the footnote in which the full citation can be found.
  • If the cited page, paragraph, or section is different from the full citation, indicate the difference with “at”
  • Here is how id. and supra may look in the footnotes:
    • 1 Thomas Ward Frampton, The Dangerous Few, Taking Seriously Prion Abolition and Its Skeptics, 135 Harv. L. Rev. 2013, 2015 (2022)
    • 2 Sarah Ellison, When Foreign Markets Resisted, Uber Launched a Media Charm Offensive, The Wash. Post (July 11, 2022, 1:22 PM), https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/07/11/uber-germany-india-media-campaigns/.
    • 3 Tracy E. George & Suzanna Sherry, What Every Law Student Really Needs to Know: An Introduction to the Study of Law 100 (3rd ed. 2019).
    • 4 Frampton, supra note 1, at 2016.
    • 5 Id. at 2013.
    • 6 George & Sherry, supra note 3.
    • 7 Ellison, supra note 2.