International Material
International Treaties and Conventions
- U.S. Multilateral Treaties
- If there is an official U.S. source, cite to the following official source:
- United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (U.S.T.)
- Includes treaties in which U.S. is a party. Includes treaties from 1950-1984.
- Treaties and Other International Acts Series (T.I.A.S.)
- Electronic versions of most recent treaties kept by the State Department.
- United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (U.S.T.)
- <Name of agreement> <subdivision cited>, <date of signing>, <one U.S. treaty source>
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights § 2, Oct. 5, 1977, T.I.A.S. 92-908.
- You may also find a parallel version published by an international organization
- The United Nations also published the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the United Nations Treaty Series, cited as:
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights § 2 Oct. 5, 1977, 999 U.N.T.S. 171.
- The United Nations also published the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the United Nations Treaty Series, cited as:
- If there is an official U.S. source, cite to the following official source:
- U.S. Bilateral Treaties
- If there is an official U.S. sources, cite to the following official source:
- United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (U.S.T.)
- Includes treaties in which U.S. is a party. Includes treaties from 1950-1984.
- Treaties and Other International Acts Series (T.I.A.S.)
- Electronic versions of most recent treaties kept by the State Department.
- United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (U.S.T.)
- <Name of agreement>, <abbreviated names of parties to agreement>, <date of signing>, <one U.S. treaty source>
- Agreement for the Exchange of Technical Information and Cooperation in Nuclear Safety Matters, Kr.-U.S. Feb. 17, 28, 2022, T.I.A.S. No. 22-228.1.
- If there is an official U.S. sources, cite to the following official source:
- Convention published by an international organization
- Charter of the Gulf Cooperation Council, May 25, 1981, 1288 U.N.T.S. 151.
- Non-U.S. Treaties
- Cite official versions published by international organizations or governments
- Intergovernmental treaty sources:
- United Nations Treaty Series: <volume number> U.N.T.S. <page number>
- League of Nations Treaty Series: <volume number> L.N.T.S. <page number>
- Pan-American Treaty Series: <volume number> Pan-Am. T.S. <page number>
- European Treaty Series: E.T.S. No. xxx
- Organization of American States Treaty Series: O.A.S.T.S. No. xxx
- Council of Europe Treaty Series: C.E.T.S. No. xxx
International Law Cases
- International Court of Justice:
- Include the case name, the parties’ name, the characterization of the decision, the volume and name of the publication, the page or case number, the pincite, and the date.
- Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar), Judgment, 2022 I.C.J. ¶ 15 (July 2022).
- Include the case name, the parties’ name, the characterization of the decision, the volume and name of the publication, the page or case number, the pincite, and the date.
- Court of Justice of the European Union
- Include case number, the name of the parties abbreviated according to rule 10.2 and T6, the official report of the court, including the year of decision.
- Case 36-72, Francois Meganck v, Commission of the European Communities, 1973 E.C.R. I-00527.
- European Court of Human Rights
- Cite to the court’s official website, HUDOC. Include the parties’ name, the application number for the case, a pincite, the date, and an URL.
- Case of Haldimann and Others v. Switzerland, App. No. 21830/09 ¶ 28 (Feb. 24, 2015), https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-152711
- Cite to the court’s official website, HUDOC. Include the parties’ name, the application number for the case, a pincite, the date, and an URL.
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
- Include the case name, the case number, the volume names, the report number which includes the year, the series and docket numbers, the paragraph number, and the year of the reporter.
- Emilio Palacio Urrutia and Others v. Ecuador, Case 13.015, Inter-Am. Comm’n H.R., Report No. 29/19, OEA/Ser.L./V/II. doc. 34 ¶ 15 (2019).
- Include the case name, the case number, the volume names, the report number which includes the year, the series and docket numbers, the paragraph number, and the year of the reporter.
- International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
- Include the case name, the parties’ name abbreviated according to T10, the case number, the type of ruling, the date, the volume number, the name of the publication, and the page number, and the pincite.
- The “Camouco” Case (Panama v. France), Case No. 5, Order of 17 Jan. 2000, ITLOS Rep. 2000, 5.
- Include the case name, the parties’ name abbreviated according to T10, the case number, the type of ruling, the date, the volume number, the name of the publication, and the page number, and the pincite.
- International Criminal Court
- Include the case name, the case number, type of ruling, paragraph number, and date.
- Prosecutor v. Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman (“Ali Kushayb”), ICC-02/05-01/20-711-Red, Public Redacted Version of Decision on The Prosecution’s Twelfth Application to Introduce Prior Recorded Testimonies Under Rule 68(3), ¶ 9 (July 12, 2022), https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/CourtRecords/CR2022_05373.PDF
- International Arbitrations
- Cite international arbitration cases by analogy to international law cases. If adversarial parties are named, name them as you would for a court case. Cite to official reporters, if there are any. Indicate the court name in the parenthetical unless the reporter makes the court clear.
- The official report for the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal is the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal Report. This means there is no need to separately include the court name.
- The official report for the Permanent Court of Arbitration is the Hague Court Report, so you should include the name of the Court in the parenthetical.
- For International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes awards, cite the full diplomatic name for each country involved. After the case number, include a description of the type of decision or ruling.
- AAPL v. Sri Lanka, ICSID Case No. ARB/87/3, Award, ¶ 50 (Mar. 9, 1987).
- Cite international arbitration cases by analogy to international law cases. If adversarial parties are named, name them as you would for a court case. Cite to official reporters, if there are any. Indicate the court name in the parenthetical unless the reporter makes the court clear.
- United Nation Sources
- Verbatim and summary meeting records:
- U.N. GAOR, 58th Sess., 95 plen. mtg. at 3, U.N. Doc. A/58/PV.95 (Sept. 13, 2004).
- U.N. Charter
- U.N. Charter art. 1, ¶ 1.
- Resolutions
- G.A. Res. 76/300, at 1 (Aug. 1, 2022).
- Reports
- U.N. Secretary-General, Inclusive development for and with persons with disabilities: report of the Secretary-General, ¶ 14, U.N. Doc. A/77/166 (July 20, 2022).
- Verbatim and summary meeting records:
- World Trade Organization
- Panel decisions
- Panel Report, United States—Transitional Safeguard Measure on Combed Cotton Yarn from Pakistan, WTO Doc. WT/DS192/R (adopted May 31, 2001).
- Appellate Body decision
- Appellate Body Report, United States—Transitional Safeguard Measure on Combed Cotton Yarn from Pakistan, ¶ 12 WTO Doc. WT/DS192/AB/R (adopted Oct. 8, 2001).
- Founding agreement
- Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Apr. 15, 1994, 1867 U.N.T.S. 154.
- Panel decisions
